Working with Modules and Packages

Modules and packages help in organizing Python code by grouping related functions, classes, or variables.

• Module: A file containing Python definitions and statements (i.e., a .py file).
• Package: A directory containing a collection of modules and a special __init__.py file.

Importing Modules:

import math

print(math.pi)          # Output: 3.141592653589793
print(math.sqrt(16))    # Output: 4.0

Importing Specific Functions:

from math import sqrt, pow

print(sqrt(25))     # Output: 5.0
print(pow(2, 3))    # Output: 8.0

Creating a Module:

Create a file named mymodule.py:

# mymodule.py
def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

Use it in another script:

import mymodule

mymodule.greet("Alice")  # Output: Hello, Alice!

Packages:

Directory structure:

mypackage/
    __init__.py
    module1.py
    module2.py

Importing from a package:

from mypackage import module1

module1.function()